Machine Safety Standards
European Machinery Directive & CE Marking
The European safety requirements for man and machine are established in the European Machinery Directive (EMD). According to the EMD, machinery must be designed and built to meet the Directive’s requirements as defined by existing and emerging European standards. These “European Norms”, prepared by representatives of the European Economic Community (EEC) member states and produced by the European standards committees CEN and CENELEC, provide a harmonized baseline for the design and construction of safe machinery.
As of January 1, 1997, machinery sold into or within the EEC must comply with the requirements of the European Machinery Directive. Equipment which complies may be affixed with the CE mark (for “Conformité Europeene”). The CE mark on a machine signifies that it conforms to the essential health and safety requirements defined by the relevant European Norms.
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
These “Norms” form a hierarchical structure which include:
Type A Standards:
Fundamental Safety Standards which contain basic concepts, principles of design, and general aspects applicable to all machinery.
Type B Standards:
Group Safety Standards, each of which focuses on a specific subject applicable to a range of machinery types. “B1 Standards” cover a specific safety aspect defined in the Fundamental Standards. “B2 Standards” cover the requirements of specific safety related devices such as two-hand controls, interlocking devices, movable guards, etc.
Type C Standards:
Specific Machine Safety Standards, each of which define protective measures required for hazardous areas of a specific machine or group of machines.
Type A and Type B Standards are intended to assist in the machinery design process, and eliminate the need to repeat these general requirements in the machinespecific (Type C) Standards.
Many product standards are still in the planning stage and the number of Type C Standards is continuously increasing. Some are still in draft form (designated as “prEN” standards). Others exist as finished (“EN”) standards.
Where no machine-specific standard exists, the requirements of the Machinery Directive can be satisfied by observing existing European Standards and relevant national standards/specifications. Draft standards (prEN) published by the European Union are also accepted and used as a basis for evaluating products for compliance to the Directives. It is important to note that such draft standards may change before being finalized and adopted as EN standards.
SELECTED EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Type “A” Standards:
EN292, Safety Machinery – Basic Concepts, General Principles of Design, Parts 1 & 2.
Type “B1” Standards:
EN294 Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to Prevent Danger Zones from Being Reached by Upper Limbs.
EN349 Safety of Machinery – Minimum Gaps to Avoid Crushing of Parts of the Human Body.
EN954-1 Safety of Machinery – Safety-Related Parts of Control Systems – Part 1. General Principles of Design.
EN999 Safety of Machinery – The Positioning of Protective Equipment in Respect of Approach Speeds of the Human Body.
EN1050 Safety of Machinery – Principles of Risk Assessment.
prEN811 Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to Prevent Danger Zones from Being Reached by Lower Limbs.
Selected Type “B2” Standards:
EN418 Safety of Machinery – Emergency Stop Devices, Functional Aspects – Principles for Design.
EN547 Safety of Machinery – Two –Hand Control Devices, Functional Aspects – Principles for Design.
EN1088 Safety of Machinery – Interlocking Devices Associated with Guards – Principles for Design & Selection.
prEN953 Safety of Machinery – General Requirements for the Design and Construction of Guards.
prEN1760-1 Safety of Machinery – Pressure Sensitive Safety Devices – Mats & Floors.
rEN1760-2 Safety of Machinery – Pressure Sensitive Safety Devices – Edges & Bars.
prEN61496 Safety of Machinery – Electrosensitive Protective Equipment.
Type “C” Standards:
prEN415 Packaging Machines
prEN692 Mechanical Presses
prEN693 Hydraulic Presses
prEN746 Thermoprocessing Machines
prEN931 Footwear Manufacturing Machines prEN1114-1 Rubber & Plastics Machines
prEN1762 Food Processing Machines
Domestic Standards:
Concern for worker safety is not limited to the European community. Domestically machinery builders, machine users, and industrial safety professionals have each recognized the importance of providing safe workplaces.
Several standards-making organizations have developed, and continue to develop, more stringent machine safety guidelines and standards. These include:
- Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- Robotics Industry of America (RIA)
- Instrument Society of America (ISA)
- National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA)
- Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)
A number of selected domestic standards are listed below.
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212
General Requirements for (Guarding of) All Machines
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.217
(Guarding of) Mechanical Power Presses
ISA S84.01
Safety Instrumented Systems
ANSI B11.1
Machine Tools - Mechanical Power Presses - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.2
Hydraulic Power Presses - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.3
Power Press Brakes - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.4
Shears - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.5
Machine Tools - Iron Workers - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.6
Lathes - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.7
Cold Headers & Cold Formers - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.8
Drilling, Milling , and Boring Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.9
Grinding Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.10
Metal Sawing Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.11
Gear Cutting Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.13
Machine Tools - Single- and Multiple- Spindle Automatic Bar and Chucking Machines -Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.14
Coil Slitting Machines/Systems — Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.15
Pipe, Tube, and Shape Bending Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use o
ANSI B11.16
Metal Powder Compacting Presses - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.17
Horizontal Extrusion Presses-Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B11.18
Machinery and Machine Systems for the Processing of Coiled Strip, Sheet, and Plate - Safety Requirements for
ANSI B11.19
Performance Criteria for the Design, Construction, Care, and Operation of Safeguarding when Referenced by Other B11 Machine Tool Safety Standards
ANSI B11.20
Machine Tools - Manufacturing Systems/Cells - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI B183
Roll Forming and Roll Bending Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
ANSI/RIA 15.06
Safety Requirements for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems
NFPA 79
Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery 1994 Edition
Sources for Standards:
EN & IEC Standards are available from:
Global Engineering Documents
15 Inverness Way
East Englewood, CO 80112
Telephone: (800) 854-7179
and
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
Telephone: (212) 642-4900
ANSI & NFPA Standards are available from:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
Telephone: (212) 642-4900 O
SHA Regulations are available from:
Superintendent of Documents
Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402-9371
Telephone: (202) 783-3238
DECLARATIONS OF CONFORMITY
Each SCHMERSAL safety product has been certified to conform to all relevant Standards and Directives. Copies of the Declaration of Conformity for any product in this catalog are available upon request.
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